Monday, December 21, 2015

Agenda for 12/22

1. It’s time to give St. Nick his long overdue makeover." What do you think?

2. What is civil asset forfeiture?

3. Click here to see which states pay more for prisons when there are fewer people in them.

 
4. Match the Crime with the Time. Average sentences for federal drug offenses?  

5. Incarceration in America - info graphic
 
 

Sunday, December 20, 2015

Agenda for 12/21

1. "It’s time to give St. Nick his long overdue makeover." What do you think?

2. Finish "The House I Live In"

 
3. Finish Working On Viewing Questions " (due 1/4/2016!)
1. The film introduces you to lots of different people whose lives intersect with the War on Drugs. Which stories stuck out in your mind as you were watching? Which characters did you feel close to, who did you like? Were there any “good guys” or “bad guys” in this film? Which characters and stories surprised you?
 

2. Think about the story of Anthony Johnson and his family. Who were Anthony’s father’s role models? Who were Anthony’s role models? What challenges does a kid face growing up with an incarcerated parent? Can you explain how the cycle of drug use, drug dealing, and incarceration gets passed down through generations? Think about the way Shanequa Benitez, who grew up in the same housing project as Anthony Johnson, talked about the practical necessity of selling drugs to get by. Why do you think it’s so hard for a kid to break free? 


3. Who were the early drug laws designed to target? When did the “War on Drugs”
begin officially?
4. The film shows footage of politicians speaking in favor of harsher drug legislation, even though evidence suggests that harsh laws don’t help the problem. Why are politicians supporting laws that don’t work?
5. How has the drug war changed
the role of law enforcement? How
does the pursuit of drug crimes bring money into police departments? What negative impact does this have on non- narcotic police operations? How has the drug war changed the relationship between police and the community?
6. Were you surprised by the statistics in the film, i.e. to learn that the US has the highest prison population in the world? The film talks a lot about what’s wrong with the system, but it leaves it up to the audience to imagine a different reality. After watching this film, what would you propose as an alternative to incarcerating people for addiction and drug-related crimes.
7. The House I Live In is a documentary film that makes a provocative statement. Why do you think Eugene Jarecki made this film? What is the central message and the purpose of the film? Who is its intended audience? How do you think the filmmaker wants you to feel after watching?

HW - Finish viewing questions

Thursday, December 17, 2015

Agenda for 12/18

1. Finish "The House I Live In"
2. Continue Working On Viewing Questions 


1. The film introduces you to lots of different people whose lives intersect with the War on Drugs. Which stories stuck out in your mind as you were watching? Which characters did you feel close to, who did you like? Were there any “good guys” or “bad guys” in this film? Which characters and stories surprised you?
 

2. Think about the story of Anthony Johnson and his family. Who were Anthony’s father’s role models? Who were Anthony’s role models? What challenges does a kid face growing up with an incarcerated parent? Can you explain how the cycle of drug use, drug dealing, and incarceration gets passed down through generations? Think about the way Shanequa Benitez, who grew up in the same housing project as Anthony Johnson, talked about the practical necessity of selling drugs to get by. Why do you think it’s so hard for a kid to break free? 

3. Who were the early drug laws designed to target? When did the “War on Drugs”
begin officially?
4. The film shows footage of politicians speaking in favor of harsher drug legislation, even though evidence suggests that harsh laws don’t help the problem. Why are politicians supporting laws that don’t work?

5. How has the drug war changed
the role of law enforcement? How
does the pursuit of drug crimes bring money into police departments? What negative impact does this have on non- narcotic police operations? How has the drug war changed the relationship between police and the community?
6. Were you surprised by the statistics in the film, i.e. to learn that the US has the highest prison population in the world? The film talks a lot about what’s wrong with the system, but it leaves it up to the audience to imagine a different reality. After watching this film, what would you propose as an alternative to incarcerating people for addiction and drug-related crimes?

7. The House I Live In is a documentary film that makes a provocative statement. Why do you think Eugene Jarecki made this film? What is the central message and the purpose of the film? Who is its intended audience? How do you think the filmmaker wants you to feel after watching?

HW - Finish Viewing Questions - due Tuesday 12/22

Agenda for 12/17

1. Continue "The House I Live In" (on 12/17 watched from 0:51 - 1:24:00)
2. Continue Working On Viewing Questions 


1. The film introduces you to lots of different people whose lives intersect with the War on Drugs. Which stories stuck out in your mind as you were watching? Which characters did you feel close to, who did you like? Were there any “good guys” or “bad guys” in this film? Which characters and stories surprised you?
 

2. Think about the story of Anthony Johnson and his family. Who were Anthony’s father’s role models? Who were Anthony’s role models? What challenges does a kid face growing up with an incarcerated parent? Can you explain how the cycle of drug use, drug dealing, and incarceration gets passed down through generations? Think about the way Shanequa Benitez, who grew up in the same housing project as Anthony Johnson, talked about the practical necessity of selling drugs to get by. Why do you think it’s so hard for a kid to break free? 

3. Who were the early drug laws designed to target? When did the “War on Drugs”
begin officially?


4. The film shows footage of politicians speaking in favor of harsher drug legislation, even though evidence suggests that harsh laws don’t help the problem. Why are politicians supporting laws that don’t work?


5. How has the drug war changed
the role of law enforcement? How
does the pursuit of drug crimes bring money into police departments? What negative impact does this have on non- narcotic police operations? How has the drug war changed the relationship between police and the community?


6. Were you surprised by the statistics in the film, i.e. to learn that the US has the highest prison population in the world? The film talks a lot about what’s wrong with the system, but it leaves it up to the audience to imagine a different reality. After watching this film, what would you propose as an alternative to incarcerating people for addiction and drug-related crimes?

7. The House I Live In is a documentary film that makes a provocative statement. Why do you think Eugene Jarecki made this film? What is the central message and the purpose of the film? Who is its intended audience? How do you think the filmmaker wants you to feel after watching?

HW - Work on Viewing Questions based on what we've seen so far

Wednesday, December 16, 2015

Agenda for 12/16

1. Continue "The House I Live In" (on 12/16 watched from 0:29 - 1:07)

2. Continue Working On Viewing Questions
1. The film introduces you to lots of different people whose lives intersect with the War on Drugs. Which stories stuck out in your mind as you were watching? Which characters did you feel close to, who did you like? Were there any “good guys” or “bad guys” in this film? Which characters and stories surprised you?
 
2. Think about the story of Anthony Johnson and his family. Who were Anthony’s father’s role models? Who were Anthony’s role models? What challenges does a kid face growing up with an incarcerated parent? Can you explain how the cycle of drug use, drug dealing, and incarceration gets passed down through generations? Think about the way Shanequa Benitez, who grew up in the same housing project as Anthony Johnson, talked about the practical necessity of selling drugs to get by. Why do you think it’s so hard for a kid to break free?
3. Who were the early drug laws designed to target? When did the “War on Drugs”
begin officially?

4. The film shows footage of politicians speaking in favor of harsher drug legislation, even though evidence suggests that harsh laws don’t help the problem. Why are politicians supporting laws that don’t work?

5. How has the drug war changed
the role of law enforcement? How
does the pursuit of drug crimes bring money into police departments? What negative impact does this have on non- narcotic police operations? How has the drug war changed the relationship between police and the community?

6. Were you surprised by the statistics in the film, i.e. to learn that the US has the highest prison population in the world? The film talks a lot about what’s wrong with the system, but it leaves it up to the audience to imagine a different reality. After watching this film, what would you propose as an alternative to incarcerating people for addiction and drug-related crimes?

7. The House I Live In is a documentary film that makes a provocative statement. Why do you think Eugene Jarecki made this film? What is the central message and the purpose of the film? Who is its intended audience? How do you think the filmmaker wants you to feel after watching?

HW - Work on Viewing Questions based on what we've seen so far

Monday, December 14, 2015

Agenda for 12/15

1. Today we will begin watching the documentary "The House I Live In"
A. Read the Film Synopsis

For the past 40 years, the war on drugs has resulted in more than 45 million arrests, $1 trillion dollars in government spending, and America’s role as the world’s largest jailer. Yet for all that, drugs are cheaper, purer, and more available than ever. Filmed in more than twenty states, The House I Live In captures heart-wrenching stories of those on the front lines — from the dealer to the grieving mother, the narcotics officer to the senator, the inmate to the federal judge — and offers a penetrating look at the profound human rights implications of America’s longest war. 

The film recognizes drug abuse as a matter of public health, and investigates the tragic errors and shortcomings that have resulted from framing it as an issue for law enforcement. It also examines how political and financial corruption has fueled the war on drugs, despite persistent evidence of its moral, economic, and practical failures. The drug war in America has helped establish the largest prison-industrial system in the world, contributing to the incarceration of 2.3 million men and women and is responsible for untold collateral damage to the lives of countless individuals and families, with a particularly destructive impact on black America.

“It’d be one thing if it was draconian and it worked. But it’s draconian and it doesn’t work. It just leads to more,” says David Simon, creator of the HBO series, The Wire.

Instead of questioning a campaign of such epic cost and failure, those in public office generally advocate for harsher penalties for drug offenses, lest they be perceived as soft on crime. Thanks to mandatory minimum sentencing, a small offense can put a nonviolent offender behind bars for decades — or even life. Many say these prisoners are paying for fear instead of paying for their crime.

“If you stand in a federal court, you’re watching poor and uneducated people being fed into a machine like meat to make sausage. It’s just bang, bang, bang, bang. Next!” says journalist Charles Bowden.

But there’s a growing recognition among those on all sides that the war on drugs is a failure. At a time of heightened fiscal instability, the drug war is also seen as economically unsustainable. Beyond its human cost at home, the unprecedented violence in Mexico provides a daily reminder of the war’s immense impact abroad, and America has at last begun to take the first meaningful steps toward reform. At this pivotal moment, the film promotes public awareness of the problem while encouraging new and innovative pathways to domestic drug policy reform.

B. Viewing Questions

Read the questions before beginning the documentary so you know what to look for.

Copy and Paste into a document (Google Docs, Pages, etc.) to answer as we watch.


1. The film introduces you to lots of different people whose lives intersect with the War on Drugs. Which stories stuck out in your mind as you were watching? Which characters did you feel close to, who did you like? Were there any “good guys” or “bad guys” in this film? Which characters and stories surprised you?
 
2. Think about the story of Anthony Johnson and his family. Who were Anthony’s father’s role models? Who were Anthony’s role models? What challenges does a kid face growing up with an incarcerated parent? Can you explain how the cycle of drug use, drug dealing, and incarceration gets passed down through generations? Think about the way Shanequa Benitez, who grew up in the same housing project as Anthony Johnson, talked about the practical necessity of selling drugs to get by. Why do you think it’s so hard for a kid to break free?

3. Who were the early drug laws designed to target? When did the “War on Drugs”
begin officially?

4. The film shows footage of politicians speaking in favor of harsher drug legislation, even though evidence suggests that harsh laws don’t help the problem. Why are politicians supporting laws that don’t work?

5. How has the drug war changed
the role of law enforcement? How
does the pursuit of drug crimes bring money into police departments? What negative impact does this have on non- narcotic police operations? How has the drug war changed the relationship between police and the community?

6. Were you surprised by the statistics in the film, i.e. to learn that the US has the highest prison population in the world? The film talks a lot about what’s wrong with the system, but it leaves it up to the audience to imagine a different reality. After watching this film, what would you propose as an alternative to incarcerating people for addiction and drug-related crimes?

7. The House I Live In is a documentary film that makes a provocative statement. Why do you think Eugene Jarecki made this film? What is the central message and the purpose of the film? Who is its intended audience? How do you think the filmmaker wants you to feel after watching?

2. Begin "The House I Live In"

Sunday, December 13, 2015

Agenda for 12/14

1. Begin "The House I Live In" (we watched the first 29 mins in class on 12/14)
2. Film Synopsis

For the past 40 years, the war on drugs has resulted in more than 45 million arrests, $1 trillion dollars in government spending, and America’s role as the world’s largest jailer. Yet for all that, drugs are cheaper, purer, and more available than ever. Filmed in more than twenty states, The House I Live In captures heart-wrenching stories of those on the front lines — from the dealer to the grieving mother, the narcotics officer to the senator, the inmate to the federal judge — and offers a penetrating look at the profound human rights implications of America’s longest war. 

The film recognizes drug abuse as a matter of public health, and investigates the tragic errors and shortcomings that have resulted from framing it as an issue for law enforcement. It also examines how political and financial corruption has fueled the war on drugs, despite persistent evidence of its moral, economic, and practical failures. The drug war in America has helped establish the largest prison-industrial system in the world, contributing to the incarceration of 2.3 million men and women and is responsible for untold collateral damage to the lives of countless individuals and families, with a particularly destructive impact on black America.

“It’d be one thing if it was draconian and it worked. But it’s draconian and it doesn’t work. It just leads to more,” says David Simon, creator of the HBO series, The Wire.
Instead of questioning a campaign of such epic cost and failure, those in public office generally advocate for harsher penalties for drug offenses, lest they be perceived as soft on crime. Thanks to mandatory minimum sentencing, a small offense can put a nonviolent offender behind bars for decades — or even life. Many say these prisoners are paying for fear instead of paying for their crime.

“If you stand in a federal court, you’re watching poor and uneducated people being fed into a machine like meat to make sausage. It’s just bang, bang, bang, bang. Next!” says journalist Charles Bowden.

But there’s a growing recognition among those on all sides that the war on drugs is a failure. At a time of heightened fiscal instability, the drug war is also seen as economically unsustainable. Beyond its human cost at home, the unprecedented violence in Mexico provides a daily reminder of the war’s immense impact abroad, and America has at last begun to take the first meaningful steps toward reform. At this pivotal moment, the film promotes public awareness of the problem while encouraging new and innovative pathways to domestic drug policy reform.

3. The drug war today

4. Viewing Questions

Copy and Paste into a document to answer as we watch.


1. The film introduces you to lots of different people whose lives intersect with the War on Drugs. Which stories stuck out in your mind as you were watching? Which characters did you feel close to, who did you like? Were there any “good guys” or “bad guys” in this film? Which characters and stories surprised you?
 
2. Think about the story of Anthony Johnson and his family. Who were Anthony’s father’s role models? Who were Anthony’s role models? What challenges does a kid face growing up with an incarcerated parent? Can you explain how the cycle of drug use, drug dealing, and incarceration gets passed down through generations? Think about the way Shanequa Benitez, who grew up in the same housing project as Anthony Johnson, talked about the practical necessity of selling drugs to get by. Why do you think it’s so hard for a kid to break free?

3. Who were the early drug laws designed to target? When did the “War on Drugs”
begin officially?

4. The film shows footage of politicians speaking in favor of harsher drug legislation, even though evidence suggests that harsh laws don’t help the problem. Why are politicians supporting laws that don’t work?

5. How has the drug war changed
the role of law enforcement? How
does the pursuit of drug crimes bring money into police departments? What negative impact does this have on non- narcotic police operations? How has the drug war changed the relationship between police and the community?

6. Were you surprised by the statistics in the film, i.e. to learn that the US has the highest prison population in the world? The film talks a lot about what’s wrong with the system, but it leaves it up to the audience to imagine a different reality. After watching this film, what would you propose as an alternative to incarcerating people for addiction and drug-related crimes?

7. The House I Live In is a documentary film that makes a provocative statement. Why do you think Eugene Jarecki made this film? What is the central message and the purpose of the film? Who is its intended audience? How do you think the filmmaker wants you to feel after watching?

Wednesday, December 9, 2015

Agenda for 12/10 and 12/11

1. Keynote - Drug Use in America (slides 23-44) 

2. Botany of Desire clip

3. Video: Portugal's Approach to Fighting Drug Addiction

4. Article:Portugal's Approach to Fighting Drug Addiction

HW - Assignment #17

After watching the video and reading the article about Portugal, write a 1/2-1 page response to their strategy in dealing with their drug crisis and address the following questions:

How is this different from America's approach? 

Do you think their approach would have any chance of success in this country? 

In the end, do you see drug use as more of a criminal problem, or health problem? Explain your point of view.

Agenda for 12/9

1. Drug Test Activity


2. What about drug testing for welfare recipients? 


3. So who gets government benefits? Why just test the poor?
 

4. What about drug testing the politicians? How did Trey Radel vote on a proposed federal law requiring welfare recipients to get drug tests?



 

Tuesday, December 8, 2015

Agenda for 12/8

1. Drug Test Activity

2. What about drug testing for welfare recipients? 

3. So who gets government benefits? Why just test the poor?
 

4. What about drug testing the politicians? How did Trey Radel vote on a proposed federal law requiring welfare recipients to get drug tests?

5. Drugs in America - Keynote (slides 23-44)

HW - Assignment #16

 

Sunday, December 6, 2015

Agenda for 12/7

1. Treatment Options for Heroin Users
A. Read your group's assigned article below.
B. As a group determine the main points of the article
C. Teach your article to class with 3-5 slides explaining what your article is about

 More info about Subaxone and Methadone
2. The debate over the most effective way to treat heroin addiction

HW - Assignment #15

Thursday, December 3, 2015

Agenda for 12/4

1. So what happens to Todd?

2. Prison or Treatment

Treatment Options for Heroin Users

A. Read your group's assigned article below.
B. As a group determine the main points of the article
C. Teach your article to class with 3-5 slides explaining what your article is about
3. The debate over the most effective way to treat heroin addiction

4. HW - Assignment #15

A. Write a one paragraph review of the article you read in class.
B. What is your opinion on the treatment option described in your article?
C. Which of the treatment options described in the articles above do you agree with the most? Why?
D. Which do you agree with the least? Why?

Agenda for 12/3

1. Again...

2. The Heroin Boom

Why is heroin use soaring? 

It’s become a dirt-cheap alternative to the prescription opiates abused by millions of Americans. With a dose of heroin now selling for as little as $5 to $10, about 669,000 people admitted using heroin in 2012, almost double the number in 2007, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The crisis includes cities such as Chicago and New York, but heroin use has also spread to the suburbs and rural areas in the Midwest and New England. It now affects the middle class and the wealthy—underscored this month by the overdose death of actor Philip Seymour Hoffman, who was found with a needle in his arm and 50 glassine bags of the drug. Heroin addiction has grown so widespread in rural Vermont that Gov. Peter Shumlin devoted his entire State of the State address to the epidemic, which he said had become “a full-blown crisis” in his state. “It’s everywhere,” said DEA Special Agent James Hunt. “It is being used by the young, middle-aged, even cops’ kids and soccer moms.”

 

What is heroin’s effect on users? 

 

It delivers an instant euphoric high, temporarily releasing its users from all feelings of pain, depression, and anxiety. This rapturous sensation quickly creates a powerful physical and psychological craving for the drug. Processed from opium poppies, heroin is often injected, but can also be snorted, smoked, or eaten. About 23 percent of those who use heroin will become addicted, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. “By the time that you figure out it does destroy your life,” said former addict Aram Homampour, “you’ve lost the power of choice.”

 

Where is the heroin coming from? 

 

A record opium crop in Afghanistan last year flooded the global market, but the majority of heroin consumed in the U.S. comes from Mexico—now the world’s second-largest opium poppy cultivator. Mexican cartels push the drug over the Southwest border, hidden in anything from fake coconuts to lollipops. With supply booming in America, street heroin is now much purer: In Chicago, says DEA Special Agent Jack Riley, a standard bag of 2 to 3 percent pure heroin would have cost you up to $150 a decade ago. Today, you can get a bag of 7 to 10 percent purity for $10. That means users no longer have to inject heroin; they can smoke or snort it, increasing its appeal to users “who normally wouldn’t come near it for fear of the needle,” says Riley.

 

What’s driving the demand? 

 

America’s increasing addiction to prescription pills, which give many people their first seductive taste of an opiate high. Doctors are freely prescribing opium-based painkillers such as OxyContin, Vicodin, and Percocet to people with orthopedic injuries and other physical pain, but some users don’t stop when the prescription runs out. An estimated 6.8 million Americans abuse these pills, crushing them and snorting or injecting them to achieve a heroin-lite high. That’s created a boom in black-market demand which, coupled with a federal crackdown, has caused prices to soar—pushing users toward heroin. With one oxycodone pill now costing about $30, and a glassine of heroin costing a sixth of the price, switching to “smack” (as users sometimes call the drug) is a “business decision,” says Christian Moffitt, an addict interviewed by The Kansas City Star. Then, in 2010, the manufacturer of OxyContin deliberately changed the formula of its pills to make them more difficult to crush and snort, pushing even more opiate addicts toward heroin.

 

How deadly is heroin? 

 

There was a 45 percent spike in the number of lethal overdoses between 2006 and 2010, to more than 3,000 deaths a year. The death toll has certainly grown since then. Unlike abusers of painkillers, heroin users never know the exact potency of the drug they’re ingesting—or if it’s been spiked with other strong opiates, such as the synthetic fentanyl, apparently responsible for at least 84 deaths along the East Coast in recent months. “[Users] think they’re getting regular street heroin,” said Thomas Carr, director of the Washington-Baltimore High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area, a public policy program. “Instead, they’re getting something that could kill a horse.”

 

Can anything be done to combat the epidemic? 

 

The first step is cutting down on the overuse of prescription opiates. “Doctors need to break the habit of automatically writing refillable prescriptions for 20 or 30 Percocets for minor pain that will resolve in a few days,” says addiction expert Keith Humphreys. Meanwhile, there’s been a nationwide effort to equip first responders with a drug that can rescue heroin users from overdoses (see box), and at least 14 states have passed “Good Samaritan” laws granting limited immunity to witnesses of an overdose, so that they can call 911 without the fear of police involvement. “Most users don’t want to die,” said Karen Hacker, director of the Allegheny County Health Department in Pennsylvania. “They’re not looking to commit suicide. They’re looking to get high.”


4. Maine's Heroin Crisis
5. The debate over the most effective way to treat heroin addiction

Tuesday, December 1, 2015

Agenda for 12/2

 


1. Terrorist or Mentally Disturbed

2. The terrorist state of North Carolina

3. The Heroin Boom

  

Why is heroin use soaring? 

 

It’s become a dirt-cheap alternative to the prescription opiates abused by millions of Americans. With a dose of heroin now selling for as little as $5 to $10, about 669,000 people admitted using heroin in 2012, almost double the number in 2007, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The crisis includes cities such as Chicago and New York, but heroin use has also spread to the suburbs and rural areas in the Midwest and New England. It now affects the middle class and the wealthy—underscored this month by the overdose death of actor Philip Seymour Hoffman, who was found with a needle in his arm and 50 glassine bags of the drug. Heroin addiction has grown so widespread in rural Vermont that Gov. Peter Shumlin devoted his entire State of the State address to the epidemic, which he said had become “a full-blown crisis” in his state. “It’s everywhere,” said DEA Special Agent James Hunt. “It is being used by the young, middle-aged, even cops’ kids and soccer moms.”

 

What is heroin’s effect on users? 

 

t delivers an instant euphoric high, temporarily releasing its users from all feelings of pain, depression, and anxiety. This rapturous sensation quickly creates a powerful physical and psychological craving for the drug. Processed from opium poppies, heroin is often injected, but can also be snorted, smoked, or eaten. About 23 percent of those who use heroin will become addicted, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. “By the time that you figure out it does destroy your life,” said former addict Aram Homampour, “you’ve lost the power of choice.”

 

Where is the heroin coming from? 

 

A record opium crop in Afghanistan last year flooded the global market, but the majority of heroin consumed in the U.S. comes from Mexico—now the world’s second-largest opium poppy cultivator. Mexican cartels push the drug over the Southwest border, hidden in anything from fake coconuts to lollipops. With supply booming in America, street heroin is now much purer: In Chicago, says DEA Special Agent Jack Riley, a standard bag of 2 to 3 percent pure heroin would have cost you up to $150 a decade ago. Today, you can get a bag of 7 to 10 percent purity for $10. That means users no longer have to inject heroin; they can smoke or snort it, increasing its appeal to users “who normally wouldn’t come near it for fear of the needle,” says Riley.

 

What’s driving the demand? 

 

America’s increasing addiction to prescription pills, which give many people their first seductive taste of an opiate high. Doctors are freely prescribing opium-based painkillers such as OxyContin, Vicodin, and Percocet to people with orthopedic injuries and other physical pain, but some users don’t stop when the prescription runs out. An estimated 6.8 million Americans abuse these pills, crushing them and snorting or injecting them to achieve a heroin-lite high. That’s created a boom in black-market demand which, coupled with a federal crackdown, has caused prices to soar—pushing users toward heroin. With one oxycodone pill now costing about $30, and a glassine of heroin costing a sixth of the price, switching to “smack” (as users sometimes call the drug) is a “business decision,” says Christian Moffitt, an addict interviewed by The Kansas City Star. Then, in 2010, the manufacturer of OxyContin deliberately changed the formula of its pills to make them more difficult to crush and snort, pushing even more opiate addicts toward heroin.

 

How deadly is heroin? 

 

There was a 45 percent spike in the number of lethal overdoses between 2006 and 2010, to more than 3,000 deaths a year. The death toll has certainly grown since then. Unlike abusers of painkillers, heroin users never know the exact potency of the drug they’re ingesting—or if it’s been spiked with other strong opiates, such as the synthetic fentanyl, apparently responsible for at least 84 deaths along the East Coast in recent months. “[Users] think they’re getting regular street heroin,” said Thomas Carr, director of the Washington-Baltimore High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area, a public policy program. “Instead, they’re getting something that could kill a horse.”

 

Can anything be done to combat the epidemic? 

 

The first step is cutting down on the overuse of prescription opiates. “Doctors need to break the habit of automatically writing refillable prescriptions for 20 or 30 Percocets for minor pain that will resolve in a few days,” says addiction expert Keith Humphreys. Meanwhile, there’s been a nationwide effort to equip first responders with a drug that can rescue heroin users from overdoses (see box), and at least 14 states have passed “Good Samaritan” laws granting limited immunity to witnesses of an overdose, so that they can call 911 without the fear of police involvement. “Most users don’t want to die,” said Karen Hacker, director of the Allegheny County Health Department in Pennsylvania. “They’re not looking to commit suicide. They’re looking to get high.”


4. Maine's Heroin Crisis
5. The debate over the most effective way to treat heroin addiction